DW-055 aciones crónicas o agudas
### ¿Qué es la meningitis?
La meningitis es una infección o inflamación de las membranas que recubren el cerebro y la médula espinal, conocidas como meninges. Esta condición puede ser causada por varios agentes, incluyendo bacterias, virus, fungi, y otros microorganismos. La meningitis puede ser una enfermedad grave y, en algunos casos, puede ser fatal.
#### Tipos de meningitis
1. **Meningitis bacteriana:** Es una forma grave de meningitis que puede ser fatal. Requiere tratamiento médico inmediato. Las bacterias que pueden causar meningitis incluyen *Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitde, and Haemophilus influenzae*.
2. **Meningitis viral:** Es la forma más común de meningitis. Es generalmente menos grave than meningitis bacteriana and often resolves without specific treatment. Common viruses that can cause meningitis include enteroviruses, herpes simplex virus, and chickenpox virus.
3. **Meningitis fungi:** Ocurre when the meninges become infected by a fungus. This type of meningitis is rare and is more commonly seen in individuals with compromised immune systems.
4. **Meningitis causada by other organisms:** May be caused by tuberculosis, Lyme disease, or other diseases.
### Symptoms of meningitis
The symptoms of meningitis can vary depending on the individual and the type of meningitis. Common symptoms include:
- Moderate or severe headache
- Neck stiffness or pain
- High fever
- Vomiting
- Sensitivity to light (photophobia)
- Confusion or lethargy
- Rash (in some case of meningococcal meningitis)
### Diagnosis and treatment
The diagnosis of meningitis involves clinical testing, including blood tests, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, and imaging studies. Treatment varies based on the cause of meningitis:
- **Meningitis bacteriana:** Requires prompt and aggressive antibiotic therapy. Corticosteroids may be used to reduce inflammation and lower risk of complications.
- **Meningitis viral:** Usually resolved without treatment, but analgesics and antipyretics may be used to relieve symptoms.
- **Meningitis fungi:** Requires antifungal medication.
- **Meningitis related to other organisms:** Specific treatment based on the organism causing meningitis.
### Prevention
Prevention strategies include vaccination, good hygiene practices, and avoiding contact with individuals who may be infected. Some vaccines available include meningitis B, meningitis C, and Hib vaccines.
**Summary**
The meningitis is an infection or inflammation of the meninges surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It can be caused by various pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other organisms. Symptoms may include headache, neck stiffness, fever, and sensitivity to light. Treatment varies depending on the cause of meningitis and may involve antibiotics, antivirals, or antifungals. Prevention includes vaccination, hygiene practices, and avoiding contact with infected individuals.
2015年12月31日